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Anaphylaxis Pathophysiology Quiz (ECA)

Anaphylaxis Pathophysiology Quiz (ECA)

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Question 1 of 15

1. Question

What is the most appropriate definition of anaphylaxis?

A serious, generalised or systemic allergic or hypersensitivity reaction that can be life-threatening or fatal
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A chronic, serious hypersensitivity state of the immune system that slowly damages tissues over many years
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An allergic reaction caused by exposure to freely available allergens causing skin irritation and angioedema
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A serious allergic or hypersensitivity reaction that ranges from mild skin reactions to moderate, severe and fatal reactions
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Question 2 of 15

2. Question

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is primarily responsible for the initiation of anaphylaxis?

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
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Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
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Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
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Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
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Question 3 of 15

3. Question

Which immunological cells are primarily responsible for initiating an anaphylactic reaction?

Mast cells and Basophils
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Neutrophils
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T lymphocyte
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Macrophages
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Question 4 of 15

4. Question

Histamine release from mast cells and basophils causes which of the following effects?

Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
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Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
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Increased heart rate
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Increased internal haemorrhage
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Question 5 of 15

5. Question

Angioedema is a serious concern in anaphylaxis because it can compromise the airway. Why does angioedema occur?

Fluid shifts from circulating volume into tissues due to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
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Localised swelling induced by allergens and the inflammatory response
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Blockage of the lymphatic system due to vessel constriction preventing fluid drainage
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Engorged cerebral blood vessels causing hypertension and fluid leakage into tissues
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Question 6 of 15

6. Question

Why does anaphylaxis cause tachycardia?

Compensatory response to hypotension
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Direct stimulation of the heart due to histamine release
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Increased vagal tone
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Increased cardiac output
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Question 7 of 15

7. Question

Which of the following best describes urticaria?

A rash of round, red welts on the skin that can itch and be slightly raised
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Dark purpuric patches that are non-blanching
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Lesions with an irregular pattern that are raised and rough to touch
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A raised red patch that can be itchy and usually painful
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Question 8 of 15

8. Question

All anaphylactic reactions will present with urticaria.

False
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True
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Question 9 of 15

9. Question

Distributive shock develops after an anaphylactic reaction primarily due to…

A shift of fluid from the vascular space into tissues
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Blood loss
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Excessive sympathetic stimulation
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Cardiac failure
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Question 10 of 15

10. Question

Biphasic anaphylactic reactions occur in all patients with anaphylactic symptoms.

False
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True
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Question 11 of 15

11. Question

Although research is still developing, what is the most accepted pathophysiological explanation for biphasic reactions?

A latent immunological response
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Excretion of circulating adrenaline
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Failed removal of the allergen by the body
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It is a reaction linked to genetics
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Question 12 of 15

12. Question

What is the first-line therapy recommended for anaphylaxis?

IM adrenaline
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Hydrocortisone
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Oxygen
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IV sodium chloride
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Salbutamol
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Chlorphenamine or other suitable antihistamine
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Question 13 of 15

13. Question

IM adrenaline counteracts several pathophysiological changes in anaphylaxis. These include:

Induces vasoconstriction
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Increases heart rate and cardiac contractility
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Bronchodilation
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Induces vasodilation
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All of the listed
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Question 14 of 15

14. Question

EpiPens (adrenaline auto-injectors) contain a lower dose of adrenaline than what can be given by trained pre-hospital clinicians.

True
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False
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Question 15 of 15

15. Question

Refractory anaphylaxis refers to a patient who continues to experience symptoms despite ongoing treatment. After how many adrenaline doses does this term apply?

2
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1
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3
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5
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