Hyperglycaemia Quiz

What symptoms are associated with hyperglycaemia?

You attend a patient for an unrelated matter but find them to have a blood sugar of 11.7mmol/L without a history of diabetes or recent consumption of sugary food or drink. What is a recommended patient management consideration by JRCALC guidelines?

Both Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) and Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from increasing hyperglycaemia and therefore increasing osmolarity of blood (higher concentrations of ions). This osmolarity can cause severe dehydration of peripheral tissues and cardiovascular collapse?

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) and Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) both share pathophysiological similarities. However, what is the main difference between the two conditions?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has a higher mortality rate than Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS)?

What signs and symptoms are associated with Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? TICK ALL THAT APPLY

What risk factors are associated with Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? TICK ALL THAT APPLY

You attend a 45-year-old diabetic patient with diarrhoea, vomiting, and a reduced level of consciousness. You find out the patient has been unable to keep any fluids or foodstuffs down due to sickness and have felt too unwell to take their own insulin. Their current observations are: 124 HR, 26 RR, 96% Sp02, 79/57 BP, 35.9 Temp and blood sugars at 28mmol/L. You are confident this is a DKA presentation. What would you consider in the treatment and management of this patient? TICK ALL THAT APPLY

Only Type 1 diabetic patients can suffer from a Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) diagnosis?

You attend an adult diabetic patient who has a high blood sugar reading of 18.1mmol/L. They called as they have experienced DKA once before and are worried they are suffering again. They have a personal ketone meter and completed a reading of 0.9 mmol/L 5-minutes ago.

Since the initial call, they feel like they are improving. Based on these clinical observations, what patient management plan would you consider more appropriate?

What is the most important initial treatment for a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of DKA as stated by the Joint British Diabetes Societies?

How much of a fluid deficit can be seen in a typical adult DKA patient who weighs 80kg?

What Initial dose of Sodium chloride would you give a patient in suspected DKA?

Progressive DKA can lead to electrolyte abnormalities including hypokalaemia. How can this abnormality be captured on a 12-lead ECG? TICK ALL THAT APPLY

What principles are included in the NICE guidelines ‘general sick-day rule’ when referring to diabetic patients to manage transient episodes of hyperglycaemia at home which may prevent progression to Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) or Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? TICK ALL THAT APPLY