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Overview of the ECG

Overview of the ECG

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Question 1 of 20

1. Question

Who recorded the first human ECG?

Augustus Waller
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Willem Einthoven
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Andreas Grüntzig
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James Herrick
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Question 2 of 20

2. Question

What structure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?

Sinoatrial (SA) node
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Atrioventricular (AV) node
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Bundle of His
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Purkinje fibres
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Question 3 of 20

3. Question

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

Atrial depolarisation
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Atrial repolarisation
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Ventricular depolarisation
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Ventricular repolarisation
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Correct

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Question 4 of 20

4. Question

What is one of the functions of the AV node?

Delays impulse to allow atrial emptying
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Contracts the ventricles
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Generates Purkinje fibre impulses
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Initiates the heartbeat
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Question 5 of 20

5. Question

Where is the heart located?

Mediastinum
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Pleural cavity
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Peritoneum
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Diaphragm
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Question 6 of 20

6. Question

What does the QRS complex represent?

Ventricular depolarisation
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Atrial depolarisation
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Ventricular repolarisation
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AV node delay
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Correct

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Question 7 of 20

7. Question

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

Supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium
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Remove waste products from the lungs
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Transport hormones through the heart
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Produce red blood cells
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Question 8 of 20

8. Question

What electrical event is represented by the T wave?

Ventricular repolarisation
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Atrial repolarisation
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AV node delay
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Ventricular depolarisation
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Question 9 of 20

9. Question

What does the isoelectric line indicate on an ECG?

No net electrical activity
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High voltage
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Heart block
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Ventricular fibrillation
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Question 10 of 20

10. Question

Which layer of the heart contains cardiac muscle?

Myocardium
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Endocardium
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Epicardium
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Pericardium
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Question 11 of 20

11. Question

Which structure electrically insulates the atria from the ventricles?

Fibrous skeleton of the heart
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AV node
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SA node
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Endocardium
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Question 12 of 20

12. Question

What term describes alternative pathways of coronary circulation?

Collateral circulation
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Accessory pathways
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Bypass circulation
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Auxiliary perfusion
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Question 13 of 20

13. Question

What is the role of Purkinje fibres?

Distribute electrical impulse through ventricles
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Delay signal at the AV node
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Initiate heartbeat
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Receive impulses from the atria
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Correct

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Question 14 of 20

14. Question

What does the PR interval represent?

Time from atrial to ventricular depolarisation
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Time of ventricular contraction
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Time of atrial repolarisation
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Time of ventricular repolarisation
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Question 15 of 20

15. Question

What structure is referred to in Einthoven’s triangle?

The heart
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The lungs
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The liver
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The brain
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Question 16 of 20

16. Question

What is the approximate normal resting membrane potential of cardiac myocytes?

-90mV
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+30mV
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-40mV
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0mV
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Question 17 of 20

17. Question

What ion influx causes rapid depolarisation in myocytes?

Sodium
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Potassium
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Calcium
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Chloride
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Question 18 of 20

18. Question

What happens during the plateau phase of a myocyte action potential?

Balanced influx of Ca2+ and outflow of K+
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Only sodium enters
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Only potassium leaves
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No ion movement occurs
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Question 19 of 20

19. Question

Which ECG lead types give a horizontal view of the heart?

Precordial leads
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Limb leads
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Augmented leads
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Posterior leads
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Question 20 of 20

20. Question

Why is left ventricular depolarisation the strongest signal on ECG?

It has the most muscle mass
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It contains pacemaker cells
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It repolarises first
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It is closer to the electrodes
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