Social factors can be a risk factor in the development of significant respiratory illness. Which ones are considered particularly pertinent

Wheezing can be a sign of a lower respiratory pathophysiology. What causes this

Wheezing in neonates can be a sign of congenital abnormalities and congenital heart disease. It can also be indicative of what other condition

Stridor has 3 timing classifications depending on its location within the respiratory cycle. Which timing would indicate a significant sub-glottic abnormality

Croup places a significant burden on the health system seasonally. Up to what percentage of croup is caused by a viral disease process

The “barking” cough in croup is caused by increased airway pressures. The semi-rigid cartilage in the trachea plays a role in causing this. How

Croup is often a differential in patients presenting with bacterial tracheitis. There are 2 significant findings that would support a diagnosis of bacterial tracheitis over croup. What are they

Epiglottitis is another condition that can be considered as a differential in croup presentations. How does epiglottitis affect a patients breathing

What is the first-line management of croup within an emergency department

Bronchiolitis is a seasonal viral illness that affects large numbers of children throughout winter to spring. What family of viruses causes the majority of bronchiolitis  

Bronchitis is a disorder that can sometimes require management in hospital. In un-complicated patients, what management strategy is often utilised

The treatment and management of bronchiolitis has several aspects. Which of the following is not part of the treatment aims  

Pneumonia is a radiological finding on a chest radiograph and can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections. How does aspirational pneumonia develop in paediatric patients

Aspirational pneumonia is common in children with a neuro-muscular impairment of the muscles of swallowing. Which of the following is another risk factor in the development of an aspirational pneumonia

Pertussis or whooping cough is a highly contagious form of bronchitis. What 2 symptoms associated with coughing should necessitate assessment at a hospital