Circulatory problems and cascade of pathology:  Circulatory problems can cause significant detriment to a patient:  If the heart is affected, e.g., during a My

Breathing is controlled through the respiratory centre which is formed by a group of nerves in the medulla. Rate and depth of breathing is manged autonomically

A partially or fully occluded airway will reduce/deplete airflow into and out of the lungs, reducing or halting any gaseous exchange. Following a reduction/hal

Significant haemorrhage will cause a cascade of negative events that will lead to the demise of the patient if not urgently treated.  The pathophysiological pr

Within Ambulance Service roles, you never truly know what you might face when responding to a medical or traumatic event. The range of emergency presentations

Here we will review more specifically some conditions where a patient’s consciousness level may suddenly be affected;  Stroke/TIA – A Stroke can be either isch

On identifying that there is a deficit with Disability and the patient has a reduced level of consciousness, it is important to try and identify what may be th

A wide range of medical and traumatic conditions can affect the circulatory system. Here we’ll look at some of the more common pre-hospital conditions that can

When reviewing trauma and concern for haemorrhage, any previously managed catastrophic haemorrhage should be re-checked to ensure you haemorrhage control treatm